1 Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, To the
church of the Thessalonians in God our Father and the Lord Jesus
Christ: 2 Grace to you and peace from God our Father
and the Lord Jesus Christ.
3 We ought always to give thanks to God for
you, brothers, as is right, because your faith is growing
abundantly, and the love of every one of you for one another is
increasing. 4 Therefore we ourselves boast about you in
the churches of God for your steadfastness and faith in all your
persecutions and in the afflictions that you are enduring. 5
This is evidence of the righteous judgment of God, that you
may be considered worthy of the kingdom of God, for which you are
also suffering…
--2 Thess 1 :1-5. (Holy Bible: ESV--English Standard Version)
Recently, our Pastor has been teaching us about
Spiritual Gifts, so when he asked me to pray about sharing a
message, I felt led to teach today about the context in
which those gifts were first used—that is, the First Century
Church. Where and how did they meet? What did they teach? What was
expected when these Believers met together (as well as between
meetings)? And how did the early church evaluate “ministry
success”? These are a few of the questions that we’ll try to find
answers for today. The answers are relevant because I believe that
the Early Church provides a model that can help us at XICF, as we
gather in those small groups that Pastor has challenged us all to
become more active in.
I would like to begin by having us open the book of
Acts so that we could read together the order of worship from a
genuine 1st Century, New Testament church meeting. I
would like for us to read together exactly how a church service
was composed--what they did, what order it was done in, how they
prayed, what they sang... Well, part of me would like to
begin that way—but of course, we can’t. No such detailed, first
century church “bulletin” has been preserved for us in or out of
Scripture.
But in another sense, I’m actually glad that we can’t
look together at a first century church service because if we
could, then we would probably feel obligated to copy that service
exactly, and that is not the kind of church that Jesus came
to build. One specific order of worship or set of songs
could never fit ALL peoples of ALL cultures in
ALL generations. Jesus is alive! His Bride is a
living and growing spiritual being! Jesus did not shed His blood
to give us a new religion or a specific form of worship. He died,
and rose again, so that we might be reconciled to God and thus
have the person of the Holy Spirit living in us, and
pouring those spiritual gifts through us! Jesus wants a
called-out people in every nation, tribe and tongue, in living
relationships with Himself, and He did not “enscripturate” a
form for His bride's rehearsal celebrations because I
believe He wanted to keep the right to tailor the celebrations
whenever He chooses!
Now, having said that--having admitted that we cannot
open our Bibles and find a first century church service to
copy--we must also realize that there are principles
given in scripture for the bride to follow. This morning we will
look at some of these principles, and then endeavor to understand
how we, the people of this fellowship, can apply them to OUR
church, our time, and our unique inter-cultural situation.
Where they met, and why
Open your iPads, phone and (oh yes, some still have
printed) Bibles, to the Book of Acts, chapter 2. We will begin by
looking at a few passages together. If you prefer, you can also
just read along on the big screen. (Scriptures are shown in
orange type, and are from the
English Standard Version of the Bible).
Acts 2:41 tells us about 3000 souls who were baptized
on the day of Pentecost, so this first passage is talking about
the earliest of the early Christians:
42
And they devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching and the
fellowship, to the breaking of bread and the prayers. 43
And awe came upon every soul, and many wonders and signs
were being done through the apostles. 44 And all who
believed were together and had all things in common. 45
And they were selling their possessions and belongings and
distributing the proceeds to all, as any had need. 46
And day by day, attending the temple together and breaking
bread in their homes, they received their food with glad
and generous hearts, 47 praising God and having favor
with all the people. And the Lord added to their number day by day
those who were being saved. --Acts 2:42-47 (ESV)
And every day, in the temple and from house
to house, they did not cease teaching and preaching that the
Christ is Jesus. --Acts 5:42 (ESV)
And finally, skip forward to Acts 18, which is
actually about 20 years down the road from Acts 2. Up to this
point in the early church, Paul has sought to preach mainly to his
countrymen, the Jews. But Acts 18 marks a turning point, and his
ministry shifts to people like us—to the Gentiles.
5
When Silas and Timothy arrived from Macedonia, Paul was occupied
with the word, testifying to the Jews that the Christ was Jesus.
6 And when they opposed and reviled him, he shook out
his garments and said to them, “Your blood be on your own heads! I
am innocent. From now on I will go to the Gentiles.” 7
And he left there and went to the house of a man named
Titius Justus, a worshiper of God. His house was next door
to the synagogue. 8 Crispus, the ruler of the
synagogue, believed in the Lord, together with his entire
household. And many of the Corinthians hearing Paul believed
and were baptized. --Acts 18: 5-8 (ESV)
According to these passages, the early church
generally met together in one of three places: the Jewish
Temple, Jewish synagogues, and private homes.
Let’s look first at the temple.
The Temple was a colossal structure. It was designed
to be a place of prayer and a place for sacrifices. The interior
court was for priests only, the surrounding porticos lent access
to males, the next court was open to both men and women,
and the outer courts admitted Gentile-converts as well. These
outer courts were the scene of the “cleansing of the Temple”—you
know, when Jesus flipped over money tables and released the
sacrificial animals being sold there, crying out:
“Is it not written, ‘My house shall be
called a house of prayer for all the nations’? But you have made
it a den of robbers!” (Mark 11:17 ESV)
But this unholy trade was big money for the religious
leaders, and I am sure that it did not take long for the sellers
and money-changers to set up shop again after that incident
with the angry Jesus.
Picture a large, busy courtyard, filled with bleating
sheep and noisy merchants and you get a good idea of the “court of
the Gentiles” where the early church likely met. This was not an
auditorium (like we are in now). And since they didn’t have the
authority to cordon off a section for themselves, it seem most
likely that they met in small pockets, perhaps gathering around an
Apostle or a Rabbi near a pillar here and there.
What did they teach “in the Temple”? Acts 5
tells us that it was an evangelistic message, just as it was later
for Paul teaching in the synagogues. Their message: “Jesus is the
Messiah! Repent and believe in Him!” Please note that they did not
gather in the temple to RECEIVE information about God (the
“modern” notion of “church”), so much as to SHARE the message of
salvation.
When we read that the early church met in the Temple,
we think, “Oh, they met together for church services in a big
building like we do.” That is not the picture! It is more like
sending little bands of disciples down to a nearby park, or even
to a temple to teach anyone who might listen about Jesus! That is
apparently why they went to the Temple!
Next, we consider the synagogues. Now, the
synagogues WERE a place for teaching. That was their purpose, and
they were run by laymen primarily—that is, the synagogue leaders
were generally scribes and Pharisees, as opposed to the
“professional” Levites who were in charge of everything at the
Temple. Any Jewish male who was ceremonially clean could generally
obtain permission to speak in the synagogues about the OT
scriptures. Paul, as a Pharisee, often took advantage of this
opportunity, just as Jesus had done. But again, what did he
teach and who was he teaching to? Acts 18 told us that Paul
testified “to the Jews that the Christ was Jesus.” So again, it
was an evangelistic message, directed to those who did not
believe! This is very different from what happens in our public
church meetings today. And that’s OK; but it is not the
same.
The third meeting place, “from house to house,”
was a well-established tradition by the time Paul he was rejected
in the synagogue (Act 18), for you may recall that it was also
mentioned in Acts 2, in the early days after Pentecost. Refer to
Acts 18:7. It says that Paul went next door to the house of Titius
Justus. There, many Corinthians heard and believed, including
Crispus and “his entire household”. (18:8) Now, it is important to
note that the word translated household (oikos for you
scholars) did not merely refer to a person’s blood relatives. It
included other people with a deep personal relationship to the
person spoken of. We might say that it was a man and his “sphere
of influence.” Judging from the results, Paul’s message reached
out to the people in this sphere, as he shared in first
century homes.
It is also important to remember that first century
houses were generally much smaller than our own homes. Scripture
doesn’t tell us how big these “house churches” were, but most
rooms could hold only 15-20 people—although wealthy people like
Lazarus could have hosted larger groups.
What did they do at these home meetings, and
how often did they do it? Did they meet once a week like we
do? Did they only do “spiritual” things, like study the Bible?
The first scripture we read from Acts 2 gives some
idea: “they devoted themselves to the
apostles’ teaching (good, that sounds “spiritual”)
and to the fellowship (that is,
building relationships--not very “spiritual,” but we’ll let them
off this time…), to the breaking of
bread (that is, eating together--beginning to sound like a
pretty carnal bunch…) and to the
prayers… (back to
“spiritual” activity again) and many
wonders and miraculous signs were being done….
(Wait a minute; how could this happen with all this unspiritual
“fellowship” activity going on? Or maybe building
relationships and eating together is more spiritual than we
think... Back to the text:). And day
by day they met together (EVERY day? wow),
praising God…. And the Lord added to
their number day by day those who were being saved. (I sure
like the RESULTS!)
If we break it down into three categories, we could
say that the earliest Christians met continually (1) to learn,
pray and praise, (2) to develop relationships through fellowship
and shared meals, and (3) to reach out into each other’s “sphere
of influence” to touch those “being saved.”
High expectations
Next, let’s look at what was EXPECTED of these early
Believers, as well as what was expected during their meetings.
Today, the “average Christian” (at least, where I come
from) thinks that he/she is expected to attend various
church programs, and to give some of his/her money to the church.
There seems to be a trend toward attending huge “mega-churches”
where the vast majority of “attenders” (in contrast to the
“members” of yesteryear) simply enjoy the work of a relative
handful of “spiritual people,” who teach, sing, and administrate
the church’s many quality programs. In smaller churches, there is
more volunteer activity--teaching children, cleaning, fixing, and
taking care of “the church.” But for many people, their “Christian
life” is what happens on Sunday mornings, and their Christianity
places few expectations on them in between Sundays.
Yet when I read the New Testament, I see a very
different picture.
We could turn to a number of passages, but we only
have time to consider the expectations presented in a few passages
from Paul’s letters to early Christian churches.
In Colossians 3, after telling the Christians to “put
to death” earthly sins, Paul tells the church in Colossae…
12 Put on then, as God's chosen
ones, holy and beloved, compassionate hearts,
kindness, humility, meekness, and patience, 13 bearing
with one another and, if one has a complaint against another, forgiving
each other; as the Lord has forgiven you, so you also must
forgive. 14 And above all these put
on love, which binds everything together in perfect harmony. 15 And
let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts,
to which indeed you were called in one body. And be
thankful. 16 Let the word of Christ dwell
in you richly, teaching and admonishing one
another in all wisdom, singing psalms and hymns and
spiritual songs, with thankfulness in your hearts to
God. 17 And whatever you do, in word or
deed, do everything in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving
thanks to God the Father through him. (Col 3:12-17 ESV)
My “bold” highlights above show quite a list of
expectations! But we are not finished yet!
Turn to Ephesians 4 and 5. In Eph 4:22-24, Paul
instructed the church in Ephesus to
“put off your old self,…be renewed in the spirit of your
minds, and to put on the new self…”. But let’s pick up
the text in Eph 4:32:
32 Be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving
one another, as God in Christ forgave you. 5:1 Therefore
be imitators of God, as beloved children. 2 And
walk in love, as Christ loved us and gave himself up for
us, a fragrant offering and sacrifice to God.
As Paul continues (Eph 5:3-4), he repeats what he told
the Colossians, warning them to put away sin, including
“sexual immorality and all impurity or
covetousness” and “crude joking”;
his emphasis is again on “how you
walk” (which he repeats in 5:2 & 5:15).
Picking it up again in Eph 5:17, remember that we are
looking at what was EXPECTED of these early Believers:
17 Therefore
do not be foolish, but understand what the will of the Lord is. 18 And do
not get drunk with wine, for that is debauchery, but be filled
with the Spirit, 19 addressing one another in psalms
and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and
making melody to the Lord with your heart, 20 giving
thanks always and for everything to God the Father in
the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, 21 submitting
to one another out of reverence for Christ.” (Eph 5:17-21 ESV)
Here’s a summary list of the “expectations” I’ve highlighted in
Col 3:12-17 and Eph 4:22 to 5:21:
♦ put on compassion, kindness, humility, meekness, patience, the
new self
♦ put off your old self/sin
♦ be kind, tenderhearted, thankful and filled with the Spirit
♦ bear with, forgive and submit to each other
♦ let Christ’s peace rule your heart and His word dwell in you
♦ love; teach; sing; renew your mind; understand God’s will;
imitate God
If we examine these passages, we don’t see
instructions for how to “do church” as much as a compelling vision
of “how to live.” The early Christians were not expected to
“attend a church,” they were expected to live a life of love,
purity and thankfulness; they were expected to imitate
Jesus. There are a number of other passages which indicate the
same expectations. These early Believers were not evaluated
by what they KNEW so much as by how they LIVED. Their Christianity
was not a compartment in their lives, it was a lifestyle
lived out in fellowship and shared meals as well as so-called
“spiritual activities.”
Peeking at a church meeting
Now that we know what was expected of early
Christians, what did they expect when they met together? I believe
that a passage in 1 Corinthians 14 brings us about the closest we
come in scripture to a peek into a first century church service.
Once again we see that the meetings had two dimensions: Paul
addresses the unbeliever in their midst who falls on his face at
the revelation of God’s presence--that's evangelism--and he
also says that Believers should use spiritual gifts to build one
another up--that's edification.
We’ll pick it up in 1 Cor 14:24, and remember that the
context is a teaching about the use of spiritual gifts:
24
But if all prophesy, and an unbeliever or outsider enters, he is
convicted by all, he is called to account by all, 25
the secrets of his heart are disclosed, and so, falling on his
face, he will worship God and declare that God is really among
you.
[So clearly, they expected unbelievers to be present. Now listen
as Paul describes the meeting!]
26
What then, brothers? When you come together, each one has a hymn,
a lesson, a revelation, a tongue, or an interpretation.
[In other words, ‘a spiritual gift’ put into
action.]
Let all things be done for building up.
[or as a different version puts it:
“All of these must be done for the strengthening of the church.”]
--1 Cor 14:24-26.
(continued in the other column)